Non-Communicable Disease Control (Cardiovascular, Cancer) MCQs

Community Medicine (PSM) · 74 free questions with answers & explanations.

  1. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), opportunistic screening of women aged 30 years and above is done at community health centres (CHC) for which cancers?
  2. Under NPCDCS, population-based cancer screening at Health and Wellness Centres targets which three common cancers?
  3. In the INTERHEART study (52 countries), which modifiable risk factor had the HIGHEST Population Attributable Risk percent (PAR%) for acute myocardial infarction?
  4. In a case-control study, OR for smoking and lung cancer is 4; 30% of controls smoked. The Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR%) using the Levin formula is approximately:
  5. The National Programme for Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) in India targets population-based screening using CBAC (Community Based Assessment Checklist). Which age group is targeted for CBAC-based screening for NCDs under the HWC (Health and Wellness Centre) initiative?
  6. Under India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), the blood pressure threshold for initiating pharmacotherapy in hypertension management at the sub-centre level is:
  7. The 'Population Attributable Risk Percent' (PAR%) for smoking in lung cancer is 85%. This means:
  8. The NPCDCS (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke) uses which screening tool for population-based opportunistic screening of NCD risk factors at the community level?
  9. A 50-year-old male with 10-year Framingham CVD risk of 12% is considered to have:
  10. The Framingham Risk Score is used to estimate a patient's 10-year cardiovascular risk. A score of 18% falls into which risk category, and what is the recommended LDL-C target?
  11. India's National Programme for NCD Prevention and Control (NP-NCD) conducts population-based cancer screening under the National Cancer Screening Programme. The three cancers currently targeted for community-level screening in India are:
  12. The Framingham Risk Score is used to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. A patient with a calculated 10-year CVD risk of 12% falls into which risk category, and what is the recommended primary prevention intervention threshold for statin therapy?
  13. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS) was integrated into the National NCD Programme. The opportunistic screening at health and wellness centres (HWCs) under Ayushman Bharat covers which three cancers in women?
  14. The INTERHEART study identified nine potentially modifiable risk factors accounting for over 90% of the population-attributable risk (PAR) for acute myocardial infarction globally. Which of the following was identified as the MOST protective factor in that study?
  15. The INTERHEART study — a large multinational case-control study on acute myocardial infarction — identified which combination of factors as accounting for over 90% of the population-attributable risk for AMI globally?
  16. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), the 'population-based screening' (PBS) protocol targets adults aged 30 years and above. For cervical cancer screening at Health and Wellness Centres, which is the primary recommended screening test?
  17. Under NPCDCS (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke), which of the following is the opportunistic screening strategy employed at health and wellness centres?
  18. The STEPS approach used by WHO for NCD surveillance involves a standardized stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Step 3 specifically measures:
  19. The Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013–2020 (extended to 2030) set nine voluntary global NCD targets. Which target was specifically related to TOBACCO control?
  20. The 'NCD Risk Factor Collaboration' uses pooled data from cohort studies to estimate global trends. India's STEPS survey under NPCDCS revealed which metabolic risk factor has the highest population-attributable risk for cardiovascular disease in urban India?
  21. Under NPCDCS, 'Wellness Centres' at sub-centre level for NCD prevention are known by which current nomenclature following the AB-HWC renaming?
  22. The National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) operates population-based cancer registries. According to NCRP data, which cancer site has the highest age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) among men in India?
  23. The WHO HEARTS technical package for primary care management of hypertension consists of 6 components. Under the 'T' module (Treatment protocols), the WHO recommended first-line antihypertensive for most uncomplicated hypertension in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is:
  24. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), which level of the health system is the FIRST point of population-level NCD screening and management as per NHM guidelines?
  25. The WHO HEARTS technical package for hypertension management at primary care level includes six modules. The 'R' (Risk-based CVD management) module recommends treatment initiation based on:
  26. The National Programme for Non-Communicable Diseases (NPNCD) in India uses 'opportunistic screening' strategy for NCDs at Health and Wellness Centres. This approach specifically means:
  27. VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) for cervical cancer screening is recommended as a 'see-and-treat' strategy in low-resource settings. Which of the following BEST describes the test performance characteristics of VIA?
  28. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) screens adults at Sub-Health Centres using the opportunistic screening approach called 'Population-Based Screening'. For cardiovascular risk, the PRIMARY screening tool used at community level is:
  29. The GLOBOCAN 2022 data shows that in Indian women, which cancer has overtaken cervical cancer to become the most commonly diagnosed malignancy?
  30. A cohort study reports that in a population with a baseline 10-year cardiovascular event risk of 15%, a statin intervention reduces the risk to 10%. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) over 10 years is:
  31. National Programme for Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) in India conducts opportunistic population-level screening using 'CBAC' form at sub-centre level. CBAC form is used to screen for which set of conditions?
  32. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) uses population-based cancer screening at sub-district level. The three cancers included in the opportunistic cancer screening at HWC/PHC level are:
  33. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS) targets cancers for opportunistic screening at health and wellness centres. For cervical cancer, the current recommended primary screening method in low-resource Indian settings under NPCDCS is:
  34. The INTERHEART study identified nine modifiable risk factors explaining >90% of attributable risk of acute myocardial infarction globally. Which factor had the HIGHEST population attributable risk (PAR%) in the study?
  35. The STEPS survey methodology used by WHO for NCD surveillance collects data in three domains. The third 'step' (biochemical measurements) typically includes:
  36. The 'FINDRISC' (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) is used to estimate the 10-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A score of ≥15 points indicates:
  37. The National Programme for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control (NP-NCD) under National Health Mission targets 'SNAP' risk factors. SNAP stands for:
  38. Under the National Programme for Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS), population-based cancer screening at the community level uses Opportunistic Screening at health facilities. The three cancers targeted for screening under NPCDCS are:
  39. A 45-year-old woman has a 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculated at 22% using the WHO/ISH risk prediction chart. According to WHO PEN (Package of Essential NCD Interventions) guidelines, the threshold for initiating pharmacotherapy (statin + antihypertensive) regardless of individual blood pressure or LDL levels is:
  40. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) estimates 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. A patient with FRS of 12% and LDL of 145 mg/dL falls in which ACC/AHA risk category and what is the recommended statin intensity?
  41. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS), opportunistic screening at healthcare facilities targets which cancers in women?
  42. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), population-based screening at the community level for common NCDs is operationalised primarily through which platform?
  43. The INTERHEART study, a large global case-control study on risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, identified which single risk factor as contributing the LARGEST population attributable risk (PAR%) for MI?
  44. Under India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke (NPCDCS), opportunistic screening at Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) covers all of the following EXCEPT:
  45. Which of the following risk stratification tools is officially recommended under India's national NCD programme for cardiovascular risk assessment at primary care level?
  46. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) integrates NCD screening at Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs). Which of the following is the CORRECT age threshold for opportunistic NCD screening under NPCDCS at HWCs?
  47. Under the national cervical cancer screening guidelines, VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) is used as a primary screening tool at the HWC level. VIA is considered positive when which finding is observed?
  48. The SCORE2 algorithm and the Framingham Risk Score estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. According to the ACC/AHA 2019 guidelines adopted under Indian NCD programmes, which of the following correctly identifies when statin therapy is recommended even without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)?
  49. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS), population-based cancer screening is done for which three cancers at the community level?
  50. The Global HEARTS initiative and WHO BEST BUY interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention include all EXCEPT:
  51. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke (NPCDCS), population-based screening is recommended for which cancers at Community Health Centre level?
  52. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study measures disease burden using DALYs. A DALY represents:
  53. The Framingham Heart Study established which of the following cardiovascular risk factors as independently associated with coronary artery disease in its original long-term cohort analysis?
  54. The ICMR-INDIAB (India Diabetes) study, the largest nationally representative diabetes survey in India, reported which approximate national prevalence of diabetes in adults?
  55. The Global Initiative for the Prevention and Control of NCDs (MPOWER strategy) developed by WHO for tobacco control — what does the 'W' stand for?
  56. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was merged into which umbrella scheme?
  57. India launched the National Cancer Screening Programme under NHM, recommending population-based screening for three cancers at Community Health Centres and Health and Wellness Centres. These three cancers are:
  58. The SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) chart estimates 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality. Statin therapy is generally recommended for primary prevention when the 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular event is:
  59. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was launched in which year and primarily operates through which platform?
  60. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS), population-based screening for cancer uses Oral Visual Examination (OVE) to screen for which cancer?
  61. According to Global Burden of Disease data, ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death globally. The INTERHEART study identified which factor as contributing to the HIGHEST proportion of attributable risk for myocardial infarction worldwide?
  62. In India, the 'COTPA 2003' (Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act) mandates that health warnings on tobacco product packages must cover what minimum percentage of the principal display area?
  63. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS), the opportunistic screening strategy at health facilities includes screening which age group for common NCDs?
  64. The Framingham Risk Score is used to calculate the 10-year risk of major cardiovascular events. The score is based on which set of variables?
  65. The Community Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) used under NCD screening in India assigns a 'risk score' above which the individual is referred for further clinical evaluation at a health facility:
  66. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) has been integrated into the National NCD Programme under NHM. Its population-based cancer screening targets which three cancers for opportunistic screening at health facilities?
  67. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke in the Indian population is:
  68. The SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) chart estimates which risk?
  69. The WHO 'Best Buys' for Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) prevention include all of the following EXCEPT:
  70. Under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), at which level are NCD clinics operationalized for treatment and follow-up?
  71. Cervical cancer screening under the National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) currently recommends which primary screening strategy for women aged 30–65 years at the community level?
  72. The Framingham Risk Score primarily estimates 10-year risk for which cardiovascular outcome?
  73. The FRAX tool estimates 10-year fracture risk. It is analogous to Framingham Risk Score used for cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is BEST described as:
  74. Under the National Cancer Screening Programme (NP-NCD), opportunistic screening for cervical cancer at Health and Wellness Centres uses which primary screening method?
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