The STEPS approach used by WHO for NCD surveillance involves a standardized stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Step 3 specifically measures:

• A Fasting blood glucose, lipids, and urine albumin (biochemical measurements) ✓
• B Tobacco and alcohol use by questionnaire (behavioural risk factors)
• C Blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference (physical measurements)
• D Dietary recall and physical activity assessment

Explanation

The WHO STEPS approach has three levels: Step 1 — Behavioural risk factors (questionnaire: tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity); Step 2 — Physical measurements (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference); Step 3 — Biochemical measurements (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and in extended versions, urine creatinine and albumin). Each step builds on the previous. Step 3 requires laboratory infrastructure and is the most resource-intensive but provides the most objective biological risk factor data.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.