According to the dualistic model of ovarian carcinogenesis proposed by Shih and Kurman, which molecular alteration characterizes Type I tumors (low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous, endometrioid)?

• A KRAS/BRAF mutations ✓
• B BRCA1/2 mutations
• C TP53 mutations
• D HER2/neu amplification

Explanation

The dualistic model classifies ovarian carcinomas into Type I (low-grade serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell) and Type II (high-grade serous). Type I tumors typically harbor KRAS or BRAF mutations and arise from borderline tumors or endometriosis. Type II tumors are characterized by near-universal TP53 mutations and BRCA alterations. KRAS/BRAF mutations drive the MAPK pathway in low-grade serous carcinogenesis.

Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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