The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) identified five key action areas for health promotion. Which of the following is NOT one of the original five areas?
- A Building healthy public policy
- B Creating supportive environments
- C Ensuring universal health coverage ✓
- D Strengthening community action
Correct answer: C. Ensuring universal health coverage
Explanation
The Ottawa Charter identified five action areas: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services. Universal health coverage, while a current WHO priority, was not among the original five Ottawa Charter action areas.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26th ed.
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