The Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) defined Primary Health Care (PHC) and envisioned 'Health for All by 2000'. The Astana Declaration (2018) reaffirmed PHC with updated emphasis on which component NOT explicitly in Alma-Ata?
- A Community participation and intersectoral collaboration
- B Essential medicines at affordable cost
- C Digital health technologies and health literacy empowering individuals and communities ✓
- D Integration of promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care
Correct answer: C. Digital health technologies and health literacy empowering individuals and communities
Explanation
The Astana Declaration on Primary Health Care (October 2018) built on Alma-Ata's foundational commitments (community participation, intersectoral action, essential medicines, integrated care) but added contemporary elements reflecting the digital era: digital health technologies and innovation, and individual and community health literacy as mechanisms of empowerment. These reflect four decades of technological evolution since 1978. Community participation and intersectoral collaboration were explicitly in Alma-Ata's original text.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.