The 'One Health' approach to infectious disease surveillance and control recognizes that human health is inextricably linked to animal and environmental health. Which of the following outbreak scenarios BEST exemplifies the necessity of One Health?
- A Typhoid fever outbreak in a municipal water supply
- B Nipah virus spillover from fruit bats to humans via contaminated date palm sap ✓
- C Dengue outbreak following increased Aedes mosquito breeding during monsoon
- D Measles outbreak in an unvaccinated community
Explanation
The One Health framework recognizes the interdependency of human, animal, and environmental health. Nipah virus exemplifies this: the reservoir is Pteropus fruit bats; spillover to humans occurs through contaminated date palm sap, handling infected pigs, or nosocomial transmission. Effective prevention requires surveillance in bat populations, monitoring pig farming practices, environmental measures (covering sap collection vessels), and human clinical surveillance simultaneously — no single sector alone can prevent outbreaks. Typhoid and measles are purely human pathogens; dengue involves arthropod vectors but the interaction is less complex than zoonotic spillover.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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