Which contraceptive method is associated with the lowest risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and is actually protective against ascending genital infection?

• A Copper-T intrauterine device
• B Barrier contraception (male condom)
• C Combined oral contraceptive pill ✓
• D Progestogen-only injectables (DMPA)

Explanation

Combined oral contraceptive pills thicken cervical mucus (progestogen effect), reducing sperm penetration and bacterial ascent; they also reduce menstrual blood loss, lowering the risk of ascending pelvic infection. Clinical studies show COC users have lower PID risk than non-users. Copper-IUD slightly increases PID risk in the first 20 days after insertion. Male condom prevents STI transmission but acts mechanically, not hormonally.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.