Bradford Hill's criteria are used to assess causal inference in epidemiology. Which criterion states that the exposure must precede the outcome in time?
- A Consistency
- B Temporality ✓
- C Plausibility
- D Coherence
Correct answer: B. Temporality
Explanation
Temporality — that the cause must precede the effect — is the only sine qua non (essential) criterion in Bradford Hill's guidelines for causation; without it, a causal relationship is impossible. Consistency refers to replication of findings across different studies and populations. Plausibility requires a biologically credible mechanism. Coherence requires the causal interpretation to be consistent with the natural history and biology of the disease.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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