A prospective cohort study follows 5000 smokers and 5000 non-smokers for 10 years for lung cancer incidence. This study design best measures:

• A Prevalence ratio
• B Relative risk (Risk ratio) ✓
• C Odds ratio
• D Attributable risk percent in the population

Explanation

In a cohort study, actual incidence rates are computed for exposed and unexposed groups, allowing calculation of the Relative Risk (Risk Ratio = Incidence in exposed / Incidence in unexposed). Odds ratios are the primary measure in case-control studies. The cohort design directly measures risk because subjects are enrolled before developing disease.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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