In assessing the strength of a causal association using Bradford Hill criteria, the criterion that is considered MOST fundamental (necessary but not sufficient) for causation is:
- A Biological plausibility
- B Strength of association
- C Temporality ✓
- D Dose-response relationship
Correct answer: C. Temporality
Explanation
Temporality — the exposure must precede the disease outcome — is the only criterion that is logically necessary for causation; without it, causation cannot exist regardless of how strong, plausible, or consistent the association is. Biological plausibility is supportive but limited by current knowledge. Strength of association is less important than temporality. Dose-response adds evidence but is not necessary (threshold phenomena can show no dose-response).
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.