The dependency ratio is a demographic measure that compares the non-working age population to the working-age population. According to Census 2011, India's total dependency ratio was approximately:

• A 35 percent
• B 45 percent
• C 54 percent ✓
• D 65 percent

Explanation

India's total dependency ratio as per Census 2011 was approximately 54 percent, meaning about 54 dependents (aged 0-14 and 65+) per 100 working-age persons (15-64 years). This ratio has been declining due to falling fertility, contributing to the demographic dividend.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26th ed.

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