The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in India has reached approximately 2.0 (NFHS-5, 2019–21). The Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) required to achieve a stationary population (zero population growth) in the long term is:
- A NRR = 2.0
- B NRR = 1.5
- C NRR = 1.0 ✓
- D NRR = 0.5
Correct answer: C. NRR = 1.0
Explanation
Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) = 1 means each woman is replaced by exactly one daughter who survives to reproductive age, implying the population will eventually stabilize (zero growth in the long run). NRR >1 indicates growing population; NRR <1 indicates declining population. TFR ≈ 2.1 is the replacement level fertility that typically corresponds to NRR ≈ 1.0 in low-mortality settings. India's TFR reaching replacement level is a major demographic milestone but population momentum means absolute population will continue to grow for decades.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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