India conducted its last population census in 2011. The demographic dividend India currently experiences refers to which population phenomenon?

• A A declining total fertility rate leading to negative population growth
• B Rapid urbanization leading to increased GDP per capita
• C The benefits from increased immigration of skilled workers
• D A large proportion of working-age population (15–64 years) relative to dependents, creating economic growth potential ✓

Explanation

The demographic dividend occurs when a large proportion of the population is in the working-age group (15–64 years) relative to the young (<15 years) and elderly (>64 years) — a consequence of declining fertility and child mortality. This lowers the dependency ratio and can boost economic growth if the working population is productively employed with adequate education and health services. India is expected to benefit from this by 2040.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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