Under demographic transition theory, Phase 3 is characterized by:

• A High birth rate, high death rate, low population growth
• B High birth rate, falling death rate, rapid population growth
• C Low birth rate, low death rate, zero or negative growth
• D Falling birth rate, low death rate, slowing population growth ✓

Explanation

In demographic transition theory, Phase 1 is pre-transitional (high BR, high DR); Phase 2 is early transitional (high BR, declining DR — rapid growth); Phase 3 is late transitional (falling BR, low DR — slowing growth, as birth control and education improve); Phase 4 is post-transitional (low BR, low DR — stable/zero growth). India is currently transitioning between Phase 2 and Phase 3.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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