The demographic transition in India is characterised by high birth rates and declining death rates (Stage 2). Which population phenomenon results from this transition?

• A Stationary population (zero growth)
• B Rapid population growth ('population explosion') ✓
• C Declining population
• D Ageing population with high dependency ratio

Explanation

In Stage 2 of the demographic transition, death rates fall due to improvements in public health and medical care while birth rates remain high, creating a large gap that drives rapid population growth ('population explosion'). Stationary population occurs in Stage 4 when both birth and death rates are low. Declining population characterises Stage 5 in post-demographic transition societies.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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