The Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) is the most meaningful demographic measure of population replacement. An NRR of 1.0 means:

• A Total fertility rate equals 2.1 live births per woman
• B Each woman has exactly one daughter who survives to reproduce, achieving exact population replacement ✓
• C The birth rate exactly equals the death rate
• D Population growth rate is positive

Explanation

NRR = 1.0 means each woman in the cohort (accounting for age-specific fertility rates AND age-specific mortality — i.e., survival probability) produces exactly one daughter who survives to reproductive age, ensuring exact generational replacement. NRR differs from the Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) by incorporating mortality. NRR <1 means below replacement, NRR >1 means above replacement. TFR of 2.1 achieves replacement only under specific mortality assumptions. NRR integrates both fertility and female survival, making it superior to TFR for long-term population projections.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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