The Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) and Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) differ in that NRR accounts for:

• A Only female live births; GRR includes male births
• B Migration of women out of the country during childbearing years
• C Non-marital births excluded from GRR but included in NRR
• D Mortality of women during reproductive age; GRR does not factor in mortality ✓

Explanation

Both GRR and NRR measure female replacement — average number of female daughters born to a woman over her reproductive lifespan. NRR improves on GRR by incorporating female mortality, accounting for the fact that not all women survive to complete their reproductive life. NRR = 1 means exact replacement; NRR >1 means population growth. NRR is considered a more accurate replacement measure.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.