In a district with population 1,00,000, there were 2,500 live births and 50 infant deaths in a year; of these infant deaths, 30 occurred within the first 28 days of life. What is the Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR)?

• A 30 per 1,00,000 population
• B 20 per 1,000 live births
• C 50 per 1,000 live births
• D 12 per 1,000 live births ✓

Explanation

Neonatal Mortality Rate = (Deaths in the first 28 days of life / Total live births in the same year) × 1,000 = (30 / 2,500) × 1,000 = 12 per 1,000 live births. The denominator for all infant-related mortality rates is live births (not total population), which differentiates them from crude death rates and makes them comparable across populations with different birth rates.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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