In a randomised controlled trial comparing two antihypertensive drugs, the outcome is reduction in SBP (a continuous variable). The data is normally distributed and group sizes are equal (n=45 each). The most appropriate statistical test is:

• A Mann-Whitney U test
• B Paired t-test
• C Chi-square test
• D Unpaired (independent) t-test ✓

Explanation

Two independent groups (not the same individuals before and after), normally distributed continuous outcome, and equal sample sizes — the unpaired t-test is appropriate. The paired t-test applies when the same individuals are measured twice. Mann-Whitney U is the non-parametric alternative for non-normally distributed data. Chi-square is for categorical outcomes.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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