In a case-control study on lung cancer, the odds of exposure to asbestos among cases were 4:1 and among controls were 1:1. The Odds Ratio (OR) is:
- A 4 ✓
- B 2
- C 8
- D 0.25
Correct answer: A. 4
Explanation
Odds Ratio = (Odds of exposure in cases) / (Odds of exposure in controls) = (4/1) / (1/1) = 4. An OR of 4 means asbestos-exposed individuals have 4 times the odds of developing lung cancer compared to unexposed individuals. In case-control studies, OR approximates the Relative Risk when the disease is rare.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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