Which type of bias occurs when cases recall past exposures differently from controls, leading to differential misclassification?
- A Berkson's bias
- B Neyman bias
- C Recall bias ✓
- D Lead-time bias
Correct answer: C. Recall bias
Explanation
Recall bias is a differential information bias in case-control studies where cases, having experienced disease, are more motivated to remember or over-report prior exposures than controls. Berkson's bias is a selection bias in hospital-based studies. Neyman bias (prevalence-incidence bias) occurs when severe or fatal cases are missed. Lead-time bias applies to screening studies.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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