The kappa statistic (Cohen's kappa) is used to measure:

• A Correlation between two continuous variables
• B Internal consistency of a questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha equivalent)
• C Sensitivity of a diagnostic test
• D Inter-rater agreement beyond what would be expected by chance for categorical data ✓

Explanation

Cohen's kappa measures agreement between two raters on categorical classifications, correcting for chance agreement. Kappa < 0.2 = slight, 0.21–0.40 = fair, 0.41–0.60 = moderate, 0.61–0.80 = substantial, > 0.80 = almost perfect agreement. Percent agreement alone is misleading because even random agreement is high when one category predominates. Kappa < 0 means agreement worse than chance.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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