In forensic DNA databasing under CODIS (Combined DNA Index System), the minimum number of STR loci in the current expanded core loci panel used for profile comparison is:
- A 20 loci ✓
- B 7 loci
- C 13 loci
- D 26 loci
Correct answer: A. 20 loci
Explanation
The original CODIS core consisted of 13 STR loci. In 2017, CODIS expanded to 20 core loci to improve discrimination power and harmonise with international databases. The expanded panel reduces the random match probability to less than 1 in a quintillion in non-related individuals. Knowing this expansion is tested because Indian forensic laboratories now align with international standards. 13 loci was the historical standard; 20 is current.
Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.
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