Pediatric Dermatology and Common Skin Conditions MCQs

Pediatrics · 36 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A 3-month-old infant presents with intensely pruritic, weeping erythematous patches on cheeks and extensor surfaces of arms and legs. Mother has a history of allergic rhinitis. Serum IgE is elevated. Which is the MOST appropriate first-line maintenance therapy to prevent flares?
2. A 6-year-old child presents with multiple honey-colored crusted lesions on the face and around the nose. Gram stain of exudate shows Gram-positive cocci in clusters. A few lesions have large bullae. The MOST common causative organisms are:
3. A 10-year-old presents with hypopigmented macules over the trunk. KOH examination of scrapings shows 'spaghetti and meatballs' pattern. What is the causative organism and the MOST appropriate systemic treatment if topical therapy fails?
4. A 5-year-old boy has a 6×4 cm vascular birthmark on the face present since birth, which is flat, does not blanch completely, and has a port-wine stain appearance. He has ipsilateral glaucoma and seizures. MRI brain shows leptomeningeal enhancement. What is the diagnosis and the most important long-term complication?
5. A 6-month-old infant develops intensely pruritic erythematous papulovesicular lesions on the cheeks and extensor surfaces. The mother has a history of asthma. Serum IgE is elevated. What is the first-line topical maintenance therapy for moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in this age group?
6. A newborn develops a widespread blistering eruption within the first 48 hours of life, with Nikolsky sign positive, fever, and erosions over the nose and perioral areas. Skin biopsy shows sub-granular layer cleavage. What is the diagnosis?
7. A 3-year-old child has multiple flesh-coloured, dome-shaped umbilicated papules scattered over the trunk and axillae. The lesions are 2–5 mm in size. Which is the correct statement about this condition?
8. A 6-week-old infant develops vesicles and pustules on a background of erythema, distributed on the cheeks and trunk. Gram stain of a pustule shows Gram-positive cocci in clusters. This is most consistent with:
9. A 4-year-old has had recurrent pruritic flexural eczema since infancy. His mother has asthma. Examination shows lichenification of antecubital and popliteal fossae, dry skin, and Dennie-Morgan infraorbital folds. He has been on potent topical steroids for 3 months with rebound on stopping. The most appropriate long-term maintenance therapy to reduce relapse frequency is:
10. A 10-year-old boy is brought with extensive café-au-lait macules (>6 macules, each >1.5 cm), axillary freckling, and two cutaneous neurofibromas. Slit-lamp examination reveals Lisch nodules. The diagnosis is NF-1. Which feature, if present, would indicate the HIGHEST immediate risk warranting urgent neuroimaging?
11. A 3-year-old develops a strawberry-red tender swelling around the right eye over 24 hours with proptosis, painful limitation of eye movement, and fever. CT orbit shows subperiosteal collection. This is periorbital vs. orbital cellulitis. The correct management is:
12. A 3-month-old presents with erythematous papulovesicular eruption on the cheeks and extensor surfaces with intense pruritus and a family history of asthma. The most important pathophysiological mechanism in infantile atopic dermatitis is:
13. A 2-week-old neonate develops yellowish, greasy, scaling plaques on the scalp (cradle cap), with similar lesions behind the ears and on the face. This is best described as:
14. A 6-year-old boy has multiple circular, hypopigmented patches on the trunk with slightly scaly margins, not associated with sensory loss or nerve thickening. Examination with Wood's lamp shows dull white fluorescence. The most likely diagnosis is:
15. A 3-month-old infant has erythematous patches with greasy scales over the scalp, nasolabial folds, postauricular region and diaper area. The most likely diagnosis is:
16. A 5-year-old child develops sharply defined areas of hair loss on the scalp with broken hairs at the margin ('exclamation mark hairs'). The scalp skin appears normal. No scaling or erythema. The diagnosis is:
17. A 6-month-old infant presents with intensely pruritic erythematous eczematous patches on the cheeks, scalp and extensor surfaces of the limbs. The mother has seasonal allergic rhinitis. Total IgE is elevated. The diagnostic criterion that BEST defines this condition is:
18. A 2-year-old child develops a rapidly spreading blistering eruption that starts around the nose and mouth. The blisters are flaccid, rupture easily leaving honey-colored crusts. Gram stain of blister fluid shows gram-positive cocci in clusters. The causative organism and the most appropriate treatment are:
19. A 10-year-old presents with flesh-colored dome-shaped papules with central umbilication distributed over the trunk and extremities. Lesions have been present for 3 months and are asymptomatic. The diagnosis and CORRECT management approach is:
20. A 2-year-old child presents with a 3-day history of fever, followed by sudden defervescence and appearance of a rose-pink maculopapular rash over the trunk. The rash fades within 48 hours. Which is the causative virus?
21. A 3-month-old infant has erythematous, oozing, crusted patches on the cheeks, scalp, and extensor surfaces of limbs with sparing of the diaper area. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
22. A neonate is born with a port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) over the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve. Which associated condition should be screened for?
23. A 10-year-old child has painful, thick, yellow nails with onycholysis and a persistent brownish discolouration, along with scaly interdigital maceration and annular scaling on the foot soles. KOH preparation shows hyphae. What is the most common causative organism and appropriate treatment?
24. A 3-month-old presents with erythematous, weeping, and crusting lesions predominantly on the cheeks and scalp. There is no involvement of the diaper area. The mother has a history of asthma. Which of the following is a DIAGNOSTIC criterion for atopic dermatitis using the Hanifin and Rajka criteria?
25. A 10-year-old boy presents with hypopigmented, slightly scaly patches on the face and upper arms that do not tan. Wood's lamp examination shows dull, poorly demarcated hypopigmentation. There is no complete depigmentation. KOH scraping is negative. The child is otherwise well and in school. Which diagnosis is MOST likely?
26. A 2-week-old neonate develops yellowish-white papules on the nose, cheeks, and chin. The lesions are 1–2 mm, firm, and non-inflammatory. They resolve spontaneously within 4–8 weeks without treatment. What is this condition and what is its dermatopathological basis?
27. A 6-year-old presents with an expanding annular erythematous plaque with central clearing on the thigh after a camping trip. The outer border is advancing with scales. KOH preparation shows branching septate hyphae. The child's scalp is unaffected. Which dermatophyte species is MOST commonly responsible for this presentation?
28. A 2-month-old infant presents with intensely itchy, erythematous, crusted papules and vesicles predominantly on the face, scalp, and extensor surfaces. The mother reports similar itching. Microscopy of skin scrapings reveals mites, eggs, and fecal pellets. Which of the following is the preferred treatment in this infant?
29. A 6-week-old infant develops multiple erythematous pustules on the face, scalp, and upper trunk. The lesions contain a yellowish exudate. Culture grows Staphylococcus aureus sensitive to flucloxacillin. Which complication is most feared in young infants with staphylococcal skin infection?
30. A 4-month-old infant has pruritic, erythematous, weeping vesiculopapular lesions on the cheeks, forehead, and scalp, sparing the diaper area. Family history is positive for allergic rhinitis in the father. Total IgE is elevated. Which mediator is most central to the pathophysiology of this condition?
31. A 7-year-old girl develops multiple oval, salmon-colored, scaly papules on the trunk following a herald patch. The lesions follow skin lines in a 'Christmas tree' pattern. She had a mild upper respiratory illness 2 weeks ago. Which statement about the etiology is most accurate?
32. A 3-month-old breastfed infant has a yellowish-red, greasy, scaly rash affecting the scalp (cradle cap), eyebrows, and nasolabial folds. The MOST likely diagnosis is:
33. A 4-year-old presents with intensely pruritic, erythematous, weeping plaques in the antecubital and popliteal fossae, with dry skin. She also has asthma and allergic rhinitis. Skin prick test is positive to house dust mite. This clinical picture is MOST consistent with:
34. A 2-year-old child develops multiple discrete, dome-shaped, umbilicated, flesh-colored papules (3–5 mm) on the trunk and axillae. The lesions are non-pruritic and have appeared over 4 weeks. The MOST likely etiological agent is:
35. A newborn girl has a large, sharply-demarcated vascular birthmark on the left side of the face that is flat, port-wine colored (does not blanch fully), and follows the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. She subsequently develops seizures and glaucoma. This condition is:
36. A 5-year-old presents with multiple 'café-au-lait' macules (>6, each >5 mm), axillary freckling (Crowe's sign), and a soft subcutaneous nodule along a peripheral nerve. The diagnosis is: