The TNM 2017 staging for renal cell carcinoma classifies a tumour with direct invasion of the ipsilateral adrenal gland (contiguous extension, not by haematogenous spread) as:
- A T3a
- B T3b
- C T4 ✓
- D M1
Correct answer: C. T4
Explanation
In the TNM 2017 classification of RCC: T3a — invasion of renal vein or its segmental branches, or perirenal/sinus fat; T3b — tumour extends into vena cava below diaphragm; T3c — vena cava above diaphragm or into wall of cava; T4 — tumour invades beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous ipsilateral adrenal gland invasion). Non-contiguous adrenal metastasis is M1. This T4 designation carries poor prognosis and indicates tumour extension beyond the renal capsule's fascial boundary.
Reference: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.