Marc Lalonde, the Canadian Minister of Health, proposed that health status is determined by four major inputs. Which of the following sets correctly lists these four?
- A Income, education, occupation, housing
- B Genetics, environment, lifestyle, health care organization ✓
- C Heredity, nutrition, sanitation, medical services
- D Behaviour, biology, social networks, access to care
Correct answer: B. Genetics, environment, lifestyle, health care organization
Explanation
The health field concept (Lalonde, 1974) divided health determinants into human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization. Its central message was that lifestyle and environment contribute more to ill health than medical services, which shifted policy towards health promotion. Option A lists social determinants used in other frameworks, and option C reflects older sanitary-era thinking, so neither matches the original four fields.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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