Which statement correctly distinguishes ELIMINATION of a disease from ERADICATION?
- A Elimination means worldwide permanent reduction to zero; eradication means regional reduction to zero
- B Both terms are identical and used interchangeably by WHO
- C Elimination means reduction of disease incidence to zero in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts, with continued control measures required; eradication means permanent worldwide reduction to zero with no further measures needed ✓
- D Elimination refers only to removal of the causative agent from the environment, whereas eradication refers to removing the vector
Correct answer: C. Elimination means reduction of disease incidence to zero in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts, with continued control measures required; eradication means permanent worldwide reduction to zero with no further measures needed
Explanation
Elimination means interruption of transmission in a defined geographic area, such as maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination or measles elimination targets, but surveillance and control must continue because reintroduction is possible. Eradication means permanent global reduction to zero of incidences of infection, deliberately achieved so that no further measures are required, as with smallpox. Option A reverses the definitions, which is the trap most students fall into.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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