Which of the following statements best distinguishes a screening test from a diagnostic test?
- A Screening tests are applied to healthy individuals, while diagnostic tests are applied to those with signs or symptoms. ✓
- B Screening tests are more accurate than diagnostic tests.
- C Screening tests are always invasive, while diagnostic tests are non-invasive.
- D Screening tests confirm the presence of disease, while diagnostic tests rule it out.
Correct answer: A. Screening tests are applied to healthy individuals, while diagnostic tests are applied to those with signs or symptoms.
Explanation
Screening tests are applied to apparently healthy populations to identify unrecognized disease or risk factors. Diagnostic tests are applied to individuals with signs, symptoms, or a positive screening result to confirm or rule out the suspected disease. Screening tests are generally less accurate and not definitive for diagnosis, requiring further evaluation. The fundamental distinction lies in the target population.
Reference: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th ed.
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