The concept of 'primordial prevention' in cardiovascular disease was introduced by Strasser (1978) and targets:

• A Controlling established cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk individuals
• B Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis by coronary artery calcium scoring
• C Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction
• D Preventing the emergence of risk factors themselves in the population by addressing social, economic, and environmental conditions ✓

Explanation

Primordial prevention, added as a 5th level by Strasser (before primary prevention), aims to prevent the establishment of risk factors in population subgroups or the whole community by fostering healthy environments, policies, and social norms. For CVD, this means preventing the societal conditions that lead to smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets from becoming established — acting upstream of individual risk factors.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.