Under the Employees' State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948, which workers are mandatorily covered?
- A Workers in non-seasonal factories with 10 or more employees and earning ≤ Rs. 21,000/month ✓
- B All workers in India irrespective of establishment type
- C Only organised sector workers earning above Rs. 15,000/month
- D Agricultural workers and construction labourers only
Correct answer: A. Workers in non-seasonal factories with 10 or more employees and earning ≤ Rs. 21,000/month
Explanation
ESI Act, 1948 applies to non-seasonal factories employing 10 or more persons (using power) or 20 or more (without power), and to specified establishments. Wage ceiling for coverage is Rs. 21,000/month (Rs. 25,000 for persons with disability). ESI provides sickness, maternity, disablement, and dependants' benefits. The contribution ratio is employer 3.25% + employee 0.75% of wages.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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