The 'Effective Vaccine Management (EVM)' assessment tool used by WHO/UNICEF evaluates cold chain performance. The main indicator in EVM is:
- A Temperature excursion rate in transit
- B Vaccine wastage rate only
- C Overall score across nine key components of vaccine management ✓
- D Number of cold chain equipment breakdowns per year
Correct answer: C. Overall score across nine key components of vaccine management
Explanation
The EVM (Effective Vaccine Management) assessment tool evaluates nine key components: temperature monitoring, storage capacity, transport and distribution, buildings and equipment, maintenance and repair, stock management, vaccine management, cold chain equipment inventory, and organisation and management. Each component receives a score, and the overall EVM score reflects the total effectiveness of vaccine management at a facility or system level.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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