The angiogenic switch in tumor progression is primarily driven by a shift in the balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Which molecule is the most important mediator of tumor angiogenesis?

• A Epidermal growth factor
• B Transforming growth factor-beta
• C Platelet-derived growth factor
• D Vascular endothelial growth factor ✓

Explanation

VEGF is the most critical mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Tumors secrete VEGF in response to hypoxia via HIF-1alpha, which binds VEGFR on endothelial cells, promoting new vessel formation. Anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab is used in multiple cancers. EGF drives epithelial proliferation, TGF-beta has dual roles as tumor suppressor early and promoter late, and PDGF is involved in stromal recruitment.

Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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