Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process, not merely a passive cessation of pro-inflammatory signals. Which lipid mediators are responsible for actively driving this resolution phase?

• A Prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2
• B Leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor
• C Lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins ✓
• D Interleukin-1β and TNF-α

Explanation

Resolution of inflammation is actively orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) including lipoxins (derived from arachidonic acid), resolvins (from omega-3 EPA and DHA), and protectins/maresins (from DHA). These lipid mediators promote neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis by macrophages, inhibit further neutrophil recruitment, and stimulate tissue repair pathways. This concept explains why simple cessation of pro-inflammatory signals is insufficient for resolution and why omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. LTB4 and PAF are pro-inflammatory; IL-1β and TNF-α are early mediators of acute inflammation.

Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.