Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the transition from acute to chronic inflammation by promoting macrophage activation and granuloma formation?

• A IL-8 (CXCL8)
• B IL-1 and TNF
• C IFN-gamma ✓
• D IL-4 and IL-13

Explanation

IFN-gamma, produced primarily by activated Th1 lymphocytes and NK cells, is the most potent macrophage-activating cytokine. It drives classical (M1) macrophage activation, promotes granuloma formation, and sustains chronic granulomatous inflammation, as in tuberculosis. IL-8 is a neutrophil chemokine (acute inflammation). IL-1/TNF mediate acute phase responses. IL-4/IL-13 drive M2 (alternative) macrophage activation and fibrosis.

Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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