Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures composed of:

• A Polymerised actin filaments secreted during active phagocytosis
• B Complement-coated fibrin strands binding bacteria to vessel walls
• C Decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial proteins extruded from dying neutrophils ✓
• D Toll-like receptor complexes released as exosomes during sepsis

Explanation

NETs are webs of extracellular decondensed DNA and histones studded with antimicrobial granule proteins (elastase, MPO, calprotectin) that trap and kill extracellular pathogens. They are released by neutrophils undergoing NETosis, a form of cell death distinct from apoptosis and necrosis. While protective, NETs also contribute to thrombosis (in COVID-19, SLE, ANCA vasculitis) and tissue injury.

Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.