DNA profiling using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is preferred over RFLP in forensic identification because STR:

• A Requires larger DNA sample quantities and takes more time
• B Cannot be automated and requires manual gel interpretation
• C Is less discriminatory than RFLP and suitable only for exclusion purposes
• D Can be performed on highly degraded or small samples using PCR amplification ✓

Explanation

STR analysis uses PCR to amplify short repetitive DNA sequences (2–7 base pair repeat units) at multiple loci. PCR amplification means that even minute or degraded DNA samples (from old blood stains, bones, hair roots, saliva on envelopes) can be successfully profiled. RFLP requires high molecular weight, intact, relatively large quantities of DNA and longer processing times. STR is fully automated, highly discriminating (probability of a coincidental match approaches 1 in several billion), and is the current gold standard for forensic identity determination globally, including in India's crime laboratories.

Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.