The skeletal remains of an adult are submitted for age estimation. The pubic symphysis shows surface erosion, rim formation with distinct lipping, and an irregular, pitted surface with a large ossific nodule. Based on the Todd-Brooks pubic symphysis ageing method, the MOST likely age range is:
- A 17–24 years
- B 50 years and above ✓
- C 25–34 years
- D 35–49 years
Explanation
Todd's 10-phase pubic symphysis method: early phases (I–III) show billowing ridges and no rim (17–24 years); mid-phases (IV–VI) show increasing rim formation and surface flattening (25–34 years); phases VII–VIII show lipping and breakdown of dorsal margin (35–49 years); phases IX–X show marked erosion, irregular and pitted surface, large ossific nodules and a disintegrated appearance (50+ years). The description in the stem of erosion, rim lipping, irregular pitting and nodule formation is consistent with phase IX–X, indicating age 50 years or older.
Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.