In fingerprint classification, Henry's system is used in India. A loop pattern requires which key characteristic features to be classified as a loop?

• A Two deltas, no core, and the ridges form concentric circles
• B One delta, recurving ridges that enter and exit from the same side, and a core ✓
• C No delta, ridges run from side to side without recurving
• D Two deltas, ridges recurve and meet on both sides of the delta

Explanation

In the Henry classification system (used for fingerprints in India), the three major pattern types are: Loops (most common — ~65%), Whorls (~30%), and Arches (~5%). A Loop is characterized by: exactly ONE delta (triangulation point), ridges that enter from one side, recurve (turn back on themselves), and exit from the SAME side of the finger (radial loop — toward radius/thumb side; ulnar loop — toward ulnar side), and a core. Whorls (A) have two deltas and ridges forming circular or spiral patterns. Arches (C) have no delta and no recurving ridges. Option D describes a whorl variant.

Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.