A forensic anthropologist receives skeletonised remains. The pubic symphysis shows irregular surface with ridges and furrows, no rim formation, and no ossific nodules on the dorsal margin. Based on Todd's system of pubic symphysis ageing, this corresponds to:
- A Phase I — 18–21 years
- B Phase III — 25–27 years ✓
- C Phase V — 30–35 years
- D Phase VIII — 45–50 years
Correct answer: B. Phase III — 25–27 years
Explanation
In Todd's system (1920), Phase III (25–27 years) is characterised by active surface relief with ridges and furrows, beginning smoothing of the ventral bevelling, but no peripheral rim formation and no ossific nodules. Phase I shows horizontal ridges with no groove filling; Phase V has nearly complete ridge fusion with commencing rim formation; Phase VIII shows complete ossification of the dorsal margin. Pubic symphyseal morphology is the gold standard for age estimation in adults aged 20–60 years.
Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.