In forensic dental age estimation of an adult aged 25–70 years, Gustafson's method uses six criteria assessed histologically. Which criterion is the MOST reliable single predictor of age according to Gustafson's original study?
- A Attrition (wearing of the occlusal surface)
- B Periodontosis (recession of the periodontal ligament)
- C Secondary dentine deposition
- D Root transparency (translucency of the root apex) ✓
Explanation
Gustafson (1950) described six age-related changes in teeth: Attrition, Periodontosis, Secondary dentin, Cementum apposition, Root resorption, and Transparency (root). When assessed individually, root transparency (apical translucency due to hydroxyapatite crystal changes converting vital dentinal tubules to a solid mineral phase) has been found to be the most reliable single correlate with chronological age, especially in adults over 40. The progressive filling of dentinal tubules with mineral (peritubular dentin) starting at the root apex creates the characteristic translucent zone visible on X-ray. All six criteria combined give the most accurate estimate.
Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.
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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.