A skeletal remain of uncertain identity is recovered. Radiological examination shows: clavicle medial epiphysis fusing (not yet complete), third molar roots 3/4 formed, sternal end of clavicle cartilaginous. What is the BEST estimated age range?

• A 12–15 years
• B 30–40 years
• C 18–25 years ✓
• D 40–50 years

Explanation

The medial (sternal) epiphysis of the clavicle is the LAST epiphysis to fuse in the body, occurring between 22–30 years (appearing at 18–20 years, fusing by 22–30 years). An actively fusing (incomplete) medial clavicle epiphysis places the individual in the 18–25 year range. Third molar root formation at 3/4 completion corresponds to approximately 18–21 years of age. Together, these markers most strongly support an 18–25 year estimate. The medial clavicle is forensically critical because it helps distinguish individuals under 25 (medico-legal relevance for age of majority in several contexts).

Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.