Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) — the Type 2 inflammatory endotype — is characterized by which cytokine profile?

• A IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ dominance with neutrophilic infiltrate
• B TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 dominance with macrophage infiltrate
• C IL-12, IL-23 dominance with Th17 cells and mast cells
• D IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 dominance with eosinophilic infiltrate ✓

Explanation

Type 2 inflammation (Th2-mediated) in CRSwNP is characterized by IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 — driving eosinophilic infiltration, IgE production, and mucus hypersecretion. This endotype is the target of biologics such as dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα blocking both IL-4 and IL-13), mepolizumab, and benralizumab (anti-IL-5 pathway). Type 1 and Type 3 endotypes are neutrophil-predominant and less responsive to steroids.

Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.