Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) is staged by the Kadish classification. A patient with tumor extending into the orbit and skull base intracranially corresponds to which stage?

• A Kadish Stage C ✓
• B Kadish Stage A
• C Kadish Stage B
• D Kadish Stage D

Explanation

Kadish classification for esthesioneuroblastoma: Stage A — confined to nasal cavity; Stage B — extends into paranasal sinuses; Stage C — extends beyond the nasal cavity and sinuses (orbit, skull base, intracranially, or cervical nodes). Stage D (Morita modification) — distant metastases. This case with orbital and intracranial extension is Stage C. Treatment for Stage C requires craniofacial resection ± radiation; Gamma Knife or endoscopic approaches are used in selected cases.

Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.

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