Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma staging using the Andrews-Fisch-Caversaccio system classifies tumour extension into the pterygomaxillary fossa with intracranial extradural involvement as Stage:

• A Stage IIIa
• B Stage IV
• C Stage IIIb ✓
• D Stage IIb

Explanation

Multiple staging systems exist for JNA; the Andrews-Fisch system is commonly used in India. Stage IIIb is defined as tumour that has extended beyond the pterygomaxillary fossa into the infratemporal fossa, orbit, or parasellar region with intracranial extradural (epidural) extension. Stage IV denotes intracranial intradural involvement. Stage IIb covers the pterygomaxillary fossa with or without orbit/infratemporal extension but without intracranial component. Accurate staging guides the surgical approach (endoscopic for early stages, craniofacial for stages III–IV).

Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.