Inverted papilloma (Schneiderian papilloma, endophytic type) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
- A Risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma in 5–15% of cases
- B Association with HPV types 6 and 11 (low-risk) and occasionally HPV 16/18 in malignant transformation
- C The treatment of choice is endoscopic excision with wide local margins, avoiding medial maxillectomy ✓
- D Origin from the Schneiderian membrane (ectodermally derived) — predominantly from the lateral nasal wall and middle meatus
Explanation
Inverted papilloma has a high recurrence rate when excised inadequately. The standard treatment is radical excision, traditionally via lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy (Caldwell-Luc, medial maxillectomy); however, endoscopic resection with wide clearance and generous bone removal (Krouse staging-guided endoscopic approaches) has become the gold standard at experienced centres, with equivalent recurrence rates if periosteum/bone of origin is removed. Simple endoscopic polypectomy without resection of the bone origin has high recurrence. Complete removal including the underlying bone is mandatory — endoscopic medial maxillectomy when needed is appropriate.
Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.