Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) arises from the olfactory epithelium. The Kadish staging system is used. A patient with tumor involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, AND regional lymph nodes is classified as:

• A Kadish Stage A
• B Kadish Stage B
• C Kadish Stage C
• D Kadish Stage D (modified Kadish) ✓

Explanation

Modified Kadish staging of olfactory neuroblastoma: Stage A = confined to nasal cavity; Stage B = nasal cavity + paranasal sinuses; Stage C = extends beyond nasal cavity/sinuses (orbit, skull base, intracranial); Stage D = regional or distant lymph node/distant metastases (added in the Morita modification). Lymph node involvement indicates Stage D (modified). Treatment for most stages involves combined surgery (craniofacial resection) and radiotherapy; chemotherapy for advanced stage/D disease.

Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.