The pathological basis of Meniere's disease is:
- A Endolymphatic hydrops — distension of the membranous labyrinth by excess endolymph ✓
- B Fibrous obliteration of the vestibular aqueduct
- C Demyelination of the vestibulocochlear nerve
- D Otosclerosis extending to the cochlea
Correct answer: A. Endolymphatic hydrops — distension of the membranous labyrinth by excess endolymph
Explanation
Meniere's disease is pathologically characterised by endolymphatic hydrops — abnormal accumulation of endolymph causing distension of the membranous labyrinth (cochlear duct and saccule). Ruptures of Reissner's membrane cause mixing of endolymph with perilymph, producing the episodic vertigo, fluctuating SNHL, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Inadequate endolymph absorption through the endolymphatic sac is the postulated mechanism. Vestibular aqueduct fibrous obliteration may contribute but is not the primary pathology.
Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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