The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is used to diagnose which type of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and which canal is most commonly involved?

• A Cupulolithiasis of the horizontal canal
• B Canalolithiasis of the posterior semicircular canal ✓
• C Canalolithiasis of the anterior semicircular canal
• D Cupulolithiasis of the superior canal

Explanation

The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre specifically tests the posterior semicircular canal, which accounts for ~90% of BPPV cases. A positive test shows geotropic, torsional, up-beating nystagmus with a latency of 2–20 seconds, lasting less than 60 seconds, and showing fatiguability on repeat testing — characteristic of canalolithiasis (free-floating debris in the long arm of the posterior canal). The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre is the definitive treatment.

Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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