Head and Neck Radiology MCQs

Radiology · 20 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A 45-year-old man with a painless neck mass undergoes CT of the neck with contrast. The mass is a well-defined cystic lesion with a thin enhancing wall located at the angle of the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, lateral to the carotid sheath, and posterior to the submandibular gland. No solid components are seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
2. On contrast-enhanced MRI of the neck, a 50-year-old man with left-sided conductive hearing loss shows an intensely enhancing mass arising from the left jugular foramen, expanding the foramen, with a 'salt-and-pepper' pattern on T2-weighted images. What is the most likely diagnosis?
3. A thyroid ultrasound in a 38-year-old woman incidentally detects a 1.2 cm solitary thyroid nodule. Features that most strongly favor malignancy on ultrasound include:
4. On MRI of the parotid gland, a well-defined oval mass with high T2 signal (bright as CSF), very low T1 signal, and sharp margins is most consistent with:
5. On CT neck with contrast, a 3 cm well-defined cystic lesion is found at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the angle of the mandible. It displaces the SCM posteriorly and the carotid vessels medially. The MOST likely diagnosis is:
6. MRI of a 50-year-old with a neck mass shows a well-defined cystic lesion posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior to the submandibular gland, anterior to the scalene muscles, and at the level of the mandibular angle. The most likely diagnosis is:
7. On contrast-enhanced CT, a 'salt and pepper' pattern within a highly vascular neck mass located at the carotid bifurcation is characteristic of:
8. MRI of the neck in a 45-year-old with painless neck mass shows a well-defined, thin-walled cystic lesion at the angle of the mandible anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior to the submandibular gland, displacing the carotid vessels medially. It has T2 bright homogeneous signal and no solid components. The most likely diagnosis is:
9. CT neck with contrast in a patient with progressive proptosis and ophthalmoplegia shows a well-encapsulated extraconal orbital mass that is smoothly oval, heterogeneous with fat density and calcification ('teeth'), and does not enhance. This is located superior and temporal. The likely diagnosis and characteristic CT finding are:
10. On MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the normal articular disc appears as a biconcave band of low signal on T1 and T2 sequences positioned between the condyle and the articular eminence. Anterior disc displacement without reduction is best diagnosed when:
11. On MRI neck with contrast, a cystic mass at the angle of the jaw in a 35-year-old presents with a tract to the skin externally and to the tonsillar fossa internally. This is most consistent with:
12. On CT neck with contrast, a mass in the carotid space at the carotid bifurcation shows a 'lyre sign' (widening of the fork between ICA and ECA). This is pathognomonic of:
13. On MRI of the parotid gland, a well-defined lesion with homogeneous low T1, very high T2 signal (brighter than parotid parenchyma), and absent enhancement is seen in a 45-year-old. The MOST likely diagnosis is:
14. On MRI of the parotid gland, a mass arising within the deep lobe of the parotid with dumbbell extension into the parapharyngeal space would displace the parapharyngeal fat in which direction?
15. On CT of the neck, a cystic mass located at the angle of the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid and posterior to the submandibular gland, with a 'notch sign' (tail pointing between internal and external carotid arteries) in a young adult is MOST consistent with:
16. On MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which sequence is MOST useful for evaluating the position of the articular disc?
17. MRI neck shows a cystic lesion at the anterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the junction of the upper and middle thirds, displacing the common carotid artery medially and the SCM laterally. The most likely diagnosis is:
18. CT temporal bones shows a soft tissue density in the epitympanum and attic eroding the bony walls of the middle ear including the scutum and lateral wall of the epitympanum. The most likely diagnosis is:
19. On MRI of the neck, a cystic lesion is found anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior to the submandibular gland, lateral to the carotid space. It has a thin rim, homogeneous T2 bright contents, and no enhancement. In which embryological structure does this lesion most likely originate?
20. MRI of a 35-year-old shows a bilobed cystic mass with high T2 signal, low T1 signal, no enhancement, and a 'notch' or 'dumbbell' shape through the stylomandibular tunnel. The likely diagnosis is: