Cardiovascular Pharmacology MCQs

Pharmacology · 13 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A 65-year-old man with heart failure (EF 30%) is on optimal medical therapy including lisinopril and carvedilol. He develops symptomatic hypotension with each dose of carvedilol. Which property of carvedilol, compared to metoprolol, accounts for this additional haemodynamic effect?
2. A 55-year-old woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome complicated by atrial fibrillation presents to the emergency department in rapid AF. Which drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this setting?
3. A patient with chronic stable angina is prescribed a transdermal nitrate patch for daily prophylaxis but develops tolerance within a week. What is the most effective strategy to prevent nitrate tolerance?
4. A 72-year-old man on digoxin for heart failure with atrial fibrillation is started on amiodarone for recurrent ventricular ectopics. Three days later he develops nausea, yellow-green visual disturbances, and bradycardia. Which mechanism explains this interaction?
5. A 60-year-old hypertensive patient with Type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria is to be started on an antihypertensive that also provides renoprotection. Which class of drugs is the MOST appropriate first choice?
6. A 58-year-old hypertensive patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis is being considered for antihypertensive therapy. Which of the following drug classes is CONTRAINDICATED in this patient?
7. A patient on long-term furosemide therapy develops muscle weakness and ECG changes showing flattened T waves and prominent U waves. Which electrolyte disturbance is MOST responsible?
8. Which calcium channel blocker has the MOST pronounced negative chronotropic and dromotropic effect and is used in rate control of atrial fibrillation?
9. A 65-year-old man with heart failure is started on spironolactone. After 2 weeks he develops peaked T waves on ECG. His serum potassium is 6.4 mEq/L. What is the mechanism of this drug's adverse effect?
10. Digoxin toxicity is POTENTIATED by which of the following electrolyte disturbances?
11. A patient with STEMI is given streptokinase. After 3 hours, re-occlusion occurs and fibrinolytic therapy is needed again. Streptokinase is NOT repeated. The MOST appropriate fibrinolytic to use now is:
12. Which Vaughan-Williams class of antiarrhythmic drugs works by BLOCKING cardiac sodium channels and is the class used by lignocaine?
13. A patient with stable angina uses sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). The MAIN mechanism by which GTN reduces preload is: